BRICK

Brick
Method of Manufacture
Brick is made from clay, shale, soft slate, calcium silicate, concrete. But bricks are ceramic so are created by the process of heat and cooling.

               

Brick Format

-Modern bricks in UK are sized to create a modular format.

-The standard brick size is 215 × 102.5 × 65mm (face × bed × end)

THE TYPES OF BRICKS 

Mud Brick

The soft mud method is the most common and economical 

        1. It starts with the raw clay, preferably in a mix with 25-30% sand to reduce shrinkage.

  2. The clay is first ground and mixed with water the desired consistency.
     
  3. The clay is then pressed into steel moulds with a hydraulic press.

   4. The shaped clay is then first ("burned") at 900-1000 ˚C to achieve strength.

    Facing Bricks

      - Quality, durable bricks with an attractive appearance for external use above ground.

  a. Stock     

 - Stock Bricks are a traditional type of brick

- made by using a mechanised moulding process  which is known as soft mud moulding

- The use of sand to release the bricks from the mould contributes to their soft texture and   slightly    irregular shape

- wide range of colours

-Price of stock bricks is between the wirecuts and the handmades

- softer appearance

b. Wirecut   

-The majority of bricks in the UK are formed using this process.

- Clay is extruded through a brick-shaped die.

-The resultant clay column is then cut into individual bricks and fired in a kiln

-Crisp lines and sharper looking brickwork

-Wide range in colour and Texture

-the cheapest facings available due to manufacturing process is highly automated 

-suitable for almost every type of application

b. 1. Re-Pressed   

- One of the wire cut brick which are-pressed to create a solid brick with every precise size tolerances and distinctive surface texture.


-Known as the ' Jacobean', this range is unique to Butterley and is a high quality product that can be used effectively in housing.

c.  Waterstruck 

-moulded bricks and its from the mould by water.

- solid bricks and no holes

-The use of water together with the wetness of the clay produces a smooth and lipped edge. 

Handmade

-literally made by hand by putting clay into moulds.

-unique and they have a pleasing and distinctive appearance with a creased face (know as a smile) because the clay isn't firmly compacted by machine

- many of the most admired historic buildings were built with handmade bricks.

-made on a bench and in a mould

-desirable, and the most expensive of the facings, but well worth it on prestige jobs

Fletton
- Know as 'London Bricks'

-Unique facing brick manufactured by the Lower Oxford clay that only can be found in SE England 

- This clay contains coal traces which can burn during firing, and reducing the amount of fuel needed for kiln which which not only reduce the costs but also produces some interesting effects in the bricks themselves.

-wide range of colours and textures

- popular for matching existing brickwork

Commons

-cheap 'fill' brick


-designed to be utilitarian instead of attractive.

-prefectly fine for smaller jobs.

Engineering
- The workhorses of the among the brick
- used for their performance characteristic instead of their appearance
- high compressive strength and low water absorption properties 
- most suited
    1. groundworks
    2. manholes
    3. sewers
    4. retaining walls
    5. situations which strength and resistance to attack and water are the most important factor
- rated as either class A or class B
- class A is the strongest class and are ideal for use below ground level and for Damp proof courses.

Concrete or Calcium Silicate  

-Popular in areas where good brick-making clay is scarce.

-quite frankly  but others may be split-faced

- Cheap

Reclaimed 

- Salvaged bricks

- Bricks rescued from old buildings

-some may be handmade brick, facing brick or engineers brick

-Their edges are worn and irregular

-Many will have fine creases, characteristic folds and variations in colour that typify old brickwork

Specials      

-Any brick that isn't a rectangle.

- enable flexible design

- These specials allow fantastic design possibilities

- adds a high quality finish to brickwork

- make brickwork the most aesthetically pleasing medium

for building.       
     

- can provide extra durability and protection to vulnerable areas

- save time on-site by overcoming extensive hand cutting.

THE BRICKS USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING IN THE SEISMIC AREA

1)   Brick veneer

The figure shown about  the construction of the brick veneer

  Brick veneer is a form of exterior wall which primary used in the residential construction.  The brick veneers have a good performance related to seismic forces. The brick veneer have few properties which are, durable,  high strength and good in appearances. However ,it is normally used as a facing bricks in the building.

2)Engineering brick

THE FAILURE OF THE MASONRY BRICK

   The figure shown about the cracking and the collapsing of the brick