CONCRETE

Firstly, the earthquake resistance of the buildings should using a concrete which can support the building’s weight and also the bending moment of the structure within the building due to the vibration of the earth’s surface. A concrete is a mixture of water, aggregate and cement.

BASID DESIRED REQUIREMENT OF THE CONCRETE USED IN SEIMIC AREA

Ø  Highly workability when the concrete is fresh which means that it can easily transported from the mixer, handled, placed in the moulds within its workable period.

Ø  High strength and hardness when compression force or tensile force apply on the concrete

Ø  Adequate durability which can long lasting in whatever climate and in good condition.

The concrete can only allow for 0.3mm of movement when it finished casted to the building. If the tensile forces pull the concrete with the quantum exceed 0.3mm, it will be break, and eventually the building’s wall or floor or other will be cracking.

THE TYPER OF CONCRETE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING:

•  Reinforcrced concrete which is combination of concrete and steel
• Mass concrete which obtained from any volume of cast-in-place concrete intended to resist applied loads by virtue of its mass; generally cast as a monolithic structure; usually incorporates a high  proportion of large coarse aggregate and low cement content.
•  Prestressed concrete which is a form of reinforced concrete that built in the compressive stress.

Basically the reinforced concrete will be used in the construction of the building in the seismic area due to its few properties:

        I.            Highly Stiffness

      II.             Strong Strength

    III.            Good ductility

A concrete is very strong in compression but is poor in tension. A large shear load will be generated during earthquake and causes the structure of the building to subject with both tension and compression load. Therefore, the reinforced concrete should be using for earthquake resistance building in the seismic area which the steel bar of the reinforced concrete can tolerate the shear force and bring  back the original shape of the concrete after pulling by such forces.

 Picture about the types of concrete with earthquake resistant

1    1)   Steel reinforcement concrete

             

                      

                     2) Steel fiber reinforced concrete

                                  

d                     3) Steel Fiber Reinforce Concrete